GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual

For Emacs Version 20.3

Revision 2.5, May 1998

• GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  • Preamble
  • TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
  • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
• 2 Introduction
  • 2.1 Caveats
  • 2.2 Lisp History
  • 2.3 Conventions
    • 2.3.1 Some Terms
    • 2.3.2 nil and t
    • 2.3.3 Evaluation Notation
    • 2.3.4 Printing Notation
    • 2.3.5 Error Messages
    • 2.3.6 Buffer Text Notation
    • 2.3.7 Format of Descriptions
      • 2.3.7.1 A Sample Function Description
      • 2.3.7.2 A Sample Variable Description
  • 2.4 Version Information
  • 2.5 Acknowledgements
• 3 Lisp Data Types
  • 3.1 Printed Representation and Read Syntax
  • 3.2 Comments
  • 3.3 Programming Types
    • 3.3.1 Integer Type
    • 3.3.2 Floating Point Type
    • 3.3.3 Character Type
    • 3.3.4 Symbol Type
    • 3.3.5 Sequence Types
    • 3.3.6 Cons Cell and List Types
      • 3.3.6.1 Dotted Pair Notation
      • 3.3.6.2 Association List Type
    • 3.3.7 Array Type
    • 3.3.8 String Type
      • 3.3.8.1 Syntax for Strings
      • 3.3.8.2 Non-ASCII Characters in Strings
      • 3.3.8.3 Nonprinting Characters in Strings
      • 3.3.8.4 Text Properties in Strings
    • 3.3.9 Vector Type
    • 3.3.10 Char-Table Type
    • 3.3.11 Bool-Vector Type
    • 3.3.12 Function Type
    • 3.3.13 Macro Type
    • 3.3.14 Primitive Function Type
    • 3.3.15 Byte-Code Function Type
    • 3.3.16 Autoload Type
  • 3.4 Editing Types
    • 3.4.1 Buffer Type
    • 3.4.2 Marker Type
    • 3.4.3 Window Type
    • 3.4.4 Frame Type
    • 3.4.5 Window Configuration Type
    • 3.4.6 Frame Configuration Type
    • 3.4.7 Process Type
    • 3.4.8 Stream Type
    • 3.4.9 Keymap Type
    • 3.4.10 Overlay Type
  • 3.5 Type Predicates
  • 3.6 Equality Predicates
• 4 Numbers
  • 4.1 Integer Basics
  • 4.2 Floating Point Basics
  • 4.3 Type Predicates for Numbers
  • 4.4 Comparison of Numbers
  • 4.5 Numeric Conversions
  • 4.6 Arithmetic Operations
  • 4.7 Rounding Operations
  • 4.8 Bitwise Operations on Integers
  • 4.9 Standard Mathematical Functions
  • 4.10 Random Numbers
• 5 Strings and Characters
  • 5.1 String and Character Basics
  • 5.2 The Predicates for Strings
  • 5.3 Creating Strings
  • 5.4 Modifying Strings
  • 5.5 Comparison of Characters and Strings
  • 5.6 Conversion of Characters and Strings
  • 5.7 Formatting Strings
  • 5.8 Case Conversion in Lisp
  • 5.9 The Case Table
• 6 Lists
  • 6.1 Lists and Cons Cells
  • 6.2 Lists as Linked Pairs of Boxes
  • 6.3 Predicates on Lists
  • 6.4 Accessing Elements of Lists
  • 6.5 Building Cons Cells and Lists
  • 6.6 Modifying Existing List Structure
    • 6.6.1 Altering List Elements with setcar
    • 6.6.2 Altering the CDR of a List
    • 6.6.3 Functions that Rearrange Lists
  • 6.7 Using Lists as Sets
  • 6.8 Association Lists
• 7 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
  • 7.1 Sequences
  • 7.2 Arrays
  • 7.3 Functions that Operate on Arrays
  • 7.4 Vectors
  • 7.5 Functions for Vectors
  • 7.6 Char-Tables
  • 7.7 Bool-vectors
• 8 Symbols
  • 8.1 Symbol Components
  • 8.2 Defining Symbols
  • 8.3 Creating and Interning Symbols
  • 8.4 Property Lists
    • 8.4.1 Property Lists and Association Lists
    • 8.4.2 Property List Functions for Symbols
    • 8.4.3 Property Lists Outside Symbols
• 9 Evaluation
  • 9.1 Kinds of Forms
    • 9.1.1 Self-Evaluating Forms
    • 9.1.2 Symbol Forms
    • 9.1.3 Classification of List Forms
    • 9.1.4 Symbol Function Indirection
    • 9.1.5 Evaluation of Function Forms
    • 9.1.6 Lisp Macro Evaluation
    • 9.1.7 Special Forms
    • 9.1.8 Autoloading
  • 9.2 Quoting
  • 9.3 Eval
• 10 Control Structures
  • 10.1 Sequencing
  • 10.2 Conditionals
  • 10.3 Constructs for Combining Conditions
  • 10.4 Iteration
  • 10.5 Nonlocal Exits
    • 10.5.1 Explicit Nonlocal Exits: catch and throw
    • 10.5.2 Examples of catch and throw
    • 10.5.3 Errors
      • 10.5.3.1 How to Signal an Error
      • 10.5.3.2 How Emacs Processes Errors
      • 10.5.3.3 Writing Code to Handle Errors
      • 10.5.3.4 Error Symbols and Condition Names
    • 10.5.4 Cleaning Up from Nonlocal Exits
• 11 Variables
  • 11.1 Global Variables
  • 11.2 Variables That Never Change
  • 11.3 Local Variables
  • 11.4 When a Variable is "Void"
  • 11.5 Defining Global Variables
  • 11.6 Tips for Defining Variables Robustly
  • 11.7 Accessing Variable Values
  • 11.8 How to Alter a Variable Value
  • 11.9 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
    • 11.9.1 Scope
    • 11.9.2 Extent
    • 11.9.3 Implementation of Dynamic Scoping
    • 11.9.4 Proper Use of Dynamic Scoping
  • 11.10 Buffer-Local Variables
    • 11.10.1 Introduction to Buffer-Local Variables
    • 11.10.2 Creating and Deleting Buffer-Local Bindings
    • 11.10.3 The Default Value of a Buffer-Local Variable
  • 11.11 Frame-Local Variables
  • 11.12 Possible Future Local Variables
• 12 Functions
  • 12.1 What Is a Function?
  • 12.2 Lambda Expressions
    • 12.2.1 Components of a Lambda Expression
    • 12.2.2 A Simple Lambda-Expression Example
    • 12.2.3 Other Features of Argument Lists
    • 12.2.4 Documentation Strings of Functions
  • 12.3 Naming a Function
  • 12.4 Defining Functions
  • 12.5 Calling Functions
  • 12.6 Mapping Functions
  • 12.7 Anonymous Functions
  • 12.8 Accessing Function Cell Contents
  • 12.9 Inline Functions
  • 12.10 Other Topics Related to Functions
• 13 Macros
  • 13.1 A Simple Example of a Macro
  • 13.2 Expansion of a Macro Call
  • 13.3 Macros and Byte Compilation
  • 13.4 Defining Macros
  • 13.5 Backquote
  • 13.6 Common Problems Using Macros
    • 13.6.1 Evaluating Macro Arguments Repeatedly
    • 13.6.2 Local Variables in Macro Expansions
    • 13.6.3 Evaluating Macro Arguments in Expansion
    • 13.6.4 How Many Times is the Macro Expanded?
• 14 Writing Customization Definitions
  • 14.1 Common Keywords for All Kinds of Items
  • 14.2 Defining Custom Groups
  • 14.3 Defining Customization Variables
  • 14.4 Customization Types
    • 14.4.1 Simple Types
    • 14.4.2 Composite Types
    • 14.4.3 Splicing into Lists
    • 14.4.4 Type Keywords
• 15 Loading
  • 15.1 How Programs Do Loading
  • 15.2 Library Search
  • 15.3 Loading Non-ASCII Characters
  • 15.4 Autoload
  • 15.5 Repeated Loading
  • 15.6 Features
  • 15.7 Unloading
  • 15.8 Hooks for Loading
• 16 Byte Compilation
  • 16.1 Performance of Byte-Compiled Code
  • 16.2 The Compilation Functions
  • 16.3 Documentation Strings and Compilation
  • 16.4 Dynamic Loading of Individual Functions
  • 16.5 Evaluation During Compilation
  • 16.6 Byte-Code Function Objects
  • 16.7 Disassembled Byte-Code
• 17 Advising Emacs Lisp Functions
  • 17.1 A Simple Advice Example
  • 17.2 Defining Advice
  • 17.3 Around-Advice
  • 17.4 Computed Advice
  • 17.5 Activation of Advice
  • 17.6 Enabling and Disabling Advice
  • 17.7 Preactivation
  • 17.8 Argument Access in Advice
  • 17.9 Definition of Subr Argument Lists
  • 17.10 The Combined Definition
• 18 Debugging Lisp Programs
  • 18.1 The Lisp Debugger
    • 18.1.1 Entering the Debugger on an Error
    • 18.1.2 Debugging Infinite Loops
    • 18.1.3 Entering the Debugger on a Function Call
    • 18.1.4 Explicit Entry to the Debugger
    • 18.1.5 Using the Debugger
    • 18.1.6 Debugger Commands
    • 18.1.7 Invoking the Debugger
    • 18.1.8 Internals of the Debugger
  • 18.2 Edebug
    • 18.2.1 Using Edebug
    • 18.2.2 Instrumenting for Edebug
    • 18.2.3 Edebug Execution Modes
    • 18.2.4 Jumping
    • 18.2.5 Miscellaneous Edebug Commands
    • 18.2.6 Breakpoints
      • 18.2.6.1 Global Break Condition
      • 18.2.6.2 Source Breakpoints
    • 18.2.7 Trapping Errors
    • 18.2.8 Edebug Views
    • 18.2.9 Evaluation
    • 18.2.10 Evaluation List Buffer
    • 18.2.11 Printing in Edebug
    • 18.2.12 Trace Buffer
    • 18.2.13 Coverage Testing
    • 18.2.14 The Outside Context
      • 18.2.14.1 Checking Whether to Stop
      • 18.2.14.2 Edebug Display Update
      • 18.2.14.3 Edebug Recursive Edit
    • 18.2.15 Instrumenting Macro Calls
      • 18.2.15.1 Specification List
      • 18.2.15.2 Backtracking in Specifications
      • 18.2.15.3 Specification Examples
    • 18.2.16 Edebug Options
  • 18.3 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
    • 18.3.1 Excess Open Parentheses
    • 18.3.2 Excess Close Parentheses
  • 18.4 Debugging Problems in Compilation
• 19 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
  • 19.1 Introduction to Reading and Printing
  • 19.2 Input Streams
  • 19.3 Input Functions
  • 19.4 Output Streams
  • 19.5 Output Functions
  • 19.6 Variables Affecting Output
• 20 Minibuffers
  • 20.1 Introduction to Minibuffers
  • 20.2 Reading Text Strings with the Minibuffer
  • 20.3 Reading Lisp Objects with the Minibuffer
  • 20.4 Minibuffer History
  • 20.5 Completion
    • 20.5.1 Basic Completion Functions
    • 20.5.2 Completion and the Minibuffer
    • 20.5.3 Minibuffer Commands That Do Completion
    • 20.5.4 High-Level Completion Functions
    • 20.5.5 Reading File Names
    • 20.5.6 Programmed Completion
  • 20.6 Yes-or-No Queries
  • 20.7 Asking Multiple Y-or-N Questions
  • 20.8 Reading a Password
  • 20.9 Minibuffer Miscellany
• 21 Command Loop
  • 21.1 Command Loop Overview
  • 21.2 Defining Commands
    • 21.2.1 Using interactive
    • 21.2.2 Code Characters for interactive
    • 21.2.3 Examples of Using interactive
  • 21.3 Interactive Call
  • 21.4 Information from the Command Loop
  • 21.5 Input Events
    • 21.5.1 Keyboard Events
    • 21.5.2 Function Keys
    • 21.5.3 Mouse Events
    • 21.5.4 Click Events
    • 21.5.5 Drag Events
    • 21.5.6 Button-Down Events
    • 21.5.7 Repeat Events
    • 21.5.8 Motion Events
    • 21.5.9 Focus Events
    • 21.5.10 Miscellaneous Window System Events
    • 21.5.11 Event Examples
    • 21.5.12 Classifying Events
    • 21.5.13 Accessing Events
    • 21.5.14 Putting Keyboard Events in Strings
  • 21.6 Reading Input
    • 21.6.1 Key Sequence Input
    • 21.6.2 Reading One Event
    • 21.6.3 Quoted Character Input
    • 21.6.4 Miscellaneous Event Input Features
  • 21.7 Special Events
  • 21.8 Waiting for Elapsed Time or Input
  • 21.9 Quitting
  • 21.10 Prefix Command Arguments
  • 21.11 Recursive Editing
  • 21.12 Disabling Commands
  • 21.13 Command History
  • 21.14 Keyboard Macros
• 22 Keymaps
  • 22.1 Keymap Terminology
  • 22.2 Format of Keymaps
  • 22.3 Creating Keymaps
  • 22.4 Inheritance and Keymaps
  • 22.5 Prefix Keys
  • 22.6 Active Keymaps
  • 22.7 Key Lookup
  • 22.8 Functions for Key Lookup
  • 22.9 Changing Key Bindings
  • 22.10 Commands for Binding Keys
  • 22.11 Scanning Keymaps
  • 22.12 Menu Keymaps
    • 22.12.1 Defining Menus
      • 22.12.1.1 Simple Menu Items
      • 22.12.1.2 Extended Menu Items
      • 22.12.1.3 Alias Menu Items
    • 22.12.2 Menus and the Mouse
    • 22.12.3 Menus and the Keyboard
    • 22.12.4 Menu Example
    • 22.12.5 The Menu Bar
    • 22.12.6 Modifying Menus
• 23 Major and Minor Modes
  • 23.1 Major Modes
    • 23.1.1 Major Mode Conventions
    • 23.1.2 Major Mode Examples
    • 23.1.3 How Emacs Chooses a Major Mode
    • 23.1.4 Getting Help about a Major Mode
    • 23.1.5 Defining Derived Modes
  • 23.2 Minor Modes
    • 23.2.1 Conventions for Writing Minor Modes
    • 23.2.2 Keymaps and Minor Modes
    • 23.2.3 Easy-Mmode
  • 23.3 Mode Line Format
    • 23.3.1 The Data Structure of the Mode Line
    • 23.3.2 Variables Used in the Mode Line
    • 23.3.3 %-Constructs in the Mode Line
  • 23.4 Imenu
  • 23.5 Font Lock Mode
    • 23.5.1 Font Lock Basics
    • 23.5.2 Search-based Fontification
    • 23.5.3 Other Font Lock Variables
    • 23.5.4 Levels of Font Lock
    • 23.5.5 Faces for Font Lock
    • 23.5.6 Syntactic Font Lock
  • 23.6 Hooks
• 24 Documentation
  • 24.1 Documentation Basics
  • 24.2 Access to Documentation Strings
  • 24.3 Substituting Key Bindings in Documentation
  • 24.4 Describing Characters for Help Messages
  • 24.5 Help Functions
• 25 Files
  • 25.1 Visiting Files
    • 25.1.1 Functions for Visiting Files
    • 25.1.2 Subroutines of Visiting
  • 25.2 Saving Buffers
  • 25.3 Reading from Files
  • 25.4 Writing to Files
  • 25.5 File Locks
  • 25.6 Information about Files
    • 25.6.1 Testing Accessibility
    • 25.6.2 Distinguishing Kinds of Files
    • 25.6.3 Truenames
    • 25.6.4 Other Information about Files
  • 25.7 Changing File Names and Attributes
  • 25.8 File Names
    • 25.8.1 File Name Components
    • 25.8.2 Directory Names
    • 25.8.3 Absolute and Relative File Names
    • 25.8.4 Functions that Expand Filenames
    • 25.8.5 Generating Unique File Names
    • 25.8.6 File Name Completion
    • 25.8.7 Standard File Names
  • 25.9 Contents of Directories
  • 25.10 Creating and Deleting Directories
  • 25.11 Making Certain File Names "Magic"
  • 25.12 File Format Conversion
• 26 Backups and Auto-Saving
  • 26.1 Backup Files
    • 26.1.1 Making Backup Files
    • 26.1.2 Backup by Renaming or by Copying?
    • 26.1.3 Making and Deleting Numbered Backup Files
    • 26.1.4 Naming Backup Files
  • 26.2 Auto-Saving
  • 26.3 Reverting
• 27 Buffers
  • 27.1 Buffer Basics
  • 27.2 The Current Buffer
  • 27.3 Buffer Names
  • 27.4 Buffer File Name
  • 27.5 Buffer Modification
  • 27.6 Comparison of Modification Time
  • 27.7 Read-Only Buffers
  • 27.8 The Buffer List
  • 27.9 Creating Buffers
  • 27.10 Killing Buffers
  • 27.11 Indirect Buffers
• 28 Windows
  • 28.1 Basic Concepts of Emacs Windows
  • 28.2 Splitting Windows
  • 28.3 Deleting Windows
  • 28.4 Selecting Windows
  • 28.5 Cyclic Ordering of Windows
  • 28.6 Buffers and Windows
  • 28.7 Displaying Buffers in Windows
  • 28.8 Choosing a Window for Display
  • 28.9 Windows and Point
  • 28.10 The Window Start Position
  • 28.11 Vertical Scrolling
  • 28.12 Horizontal Scrolling
  • 28.13 The Size of a Window
  • 28.14 Changing the Size of a Window
  • 28.15 Coordinates and Windows
  • 28.16 Window Configurations
  • 28.17 Hooks for Window Scrolling and Changes
• 29 Frames
  • 29.1 Creating Frames
  • 29.2 Multiple Displays
  • 29.3 Frame Parameters
    • 29.3.1 Access to Frame Parameters
    • 29.3.2 Initial Frame Parameters
    • 29.3.3 Window Frame Parameters
    • 29.3.4 Frame Size And Position
  • 29.4 Frame Titles
  • 29.5 Deleting Frames
  • 29.6 Finding All Frames
  • 29.7 Frames and Windows
  • 29.8 Minibuffers and Frames
  • 29.9 Input Focus
  • 29.10 Visibility of Frames
  • 29.11 Raising and Lowering Frames
  • 29.12 Frame Configurations
  • 29.13 Mouse Tracking
  • 29.14 Mouse Position
  • 29.15 Pop-Up Menus
  • 29.16 Dialog Boxes
  • 29.17 Pointer Shapes
  • 29.18 Window System Selections
  • 29.19 Looking up Font Names
  • 29.20 Fontsets
  • 29.21 Color Names
  • 29.22 X Resources
  • 29.23 Data about the X Server
• 30 Positions
  • 30.1 Point
  • 30.2 Motion
    • 30.2.1 Motion by Characters
    • 30.2.2 Motion by Words
    • 30.2.3 Motion to an End of the Buffer
    • 30.2.4 Motion by Text Lines
    • 30.2.5 Motion by Screen Lines
    • 30.2.6 Moving over Balanced Expressions
    • 30.2.7 Skipping Characters
  • 30.3 Excursions
  • 30.4 Narrowing
• 31 Markers
  • 31.1 Overview of Markers
  • 31.2 Predicates on Markers
  • 31.3 Functions That Create Markers
  • 31.4 Information from Markers
  • 31.5 Marker Insertion Types
  • 31.6 Moving Marker Positions
  • 31.7 The Mark
  • 31.8 The Region
• 32 Text
  • 32.1 Examining Text Near Point
  • 32.2 Examining Buffer Contents
  • 32.3 Comparing Text
  • 32.4 Inserting Text
  • 32.5 User-Level Insertion Commands
  • 32.6 Deleting Text
  • 32.7 User-Level Deletion Commands
  • 32.8 The Kill Ring
    • 32.8.1 Kill Ring Concepts
    • 32.8.2 Functions for Killing
    • 32.8.3 Functions for Yanking
    • 32.8.4 Low-Level Kill Ring
    • 32.8.5 Internals of the Kill Ring
  • 32.9 Undo
  • 32.10 Maintaining Undo Lists
  • 32.11 Filling
  • 32.12 Margins for Filling
  • 32.13 Adaptive Fill Mode
  • 32.14 Auto Filling
  • 32.15 Sorting Text
  • 32.16 Counting Columns
  • 32.17 Indentation
    • 32.17.1 Indentation Primitives
    • 32.17.2 Indentation Controlled by Major Mode
    • 32.17.3 Indenting an Entire Region
    • 32.17.4 Indentation Relative to Previous Lines
    • 32.17.5 Adjustable "Tab Stops"
    • 32.17.6 Indentation-Based Motion Commands
  • 32.18 Case Changes
  • 32.19 Text Properties
    • 32.19.1 Examining Text Properties
    • 32.19.2 Changing Text Properties
    • 32.19.3 Text Property Search Functions
    • 32.19.4 Properties with Special Meanings
    • 32.19.5 Formatted Text Properties
    • 32.19.6 Stickiness of Text Properties
    • 32.19.7 Saving Text Properties in Files
    • 32.19.8 Lazy Computation of Text Properties
    • 32.19.9 Defining Clickable Text
    • 32.19.10 Why Text Properties are not Intervals
  • 32.20 Substituting for a Character Code
  • 32.21 Registers
  • 32.22 Transposition of Text
  • 32.23 Change Hooks
• 33 Non-ASCII Characters
  • 33.1 Text Representations
  • 33.2 Converting Text Representations
  • 33.3 Selecting a Representation
  • 33.4 Character Codes
  • 33.5 Character Sets
  • 33.6 Characters and Bytes
  • 33.7 Splitting Characters
  • 33.8 Scanning for Character Sets
  • 33.9 Translation of Characters
  • 33.10 Coding Systems
    • 33.10.1 Basic Concepts of Coding Systems
    • 33.10.2 Encoding and I/O
    • 33.10.3 Coding Systems in Lisp
    • 33.10.4 User-Chosen Coding Systems
    • 33.10.5 Default Coding Systems
    • 33.10.6 Specifying a Coding System for One Operation
    • 33.10.7 Explicit Encoding and Decoding
    • 33.10.8 Terminal I/O Encoding
    • 33.10.9 MS-DOS File Types
  • 33.11 Input Methods
• 34 Searching and Matching
  • 34.1 Searching for Strings
  • 34.2 Regular Expressions
    • 34.2.1 Syntax of Regular Expressions
    • 34.2.2 Complex Regexp Example
  • 34.3 Regular Expression Searching
  • 34.4 POSIX Regular Expression Searching
  • 34.5 Search and Replace
  • 34.6 The Match Data
    • 34.6.1 Replacing the Text That Matched
    • 34.6.2 Simple Match Data Access
    • 34.6.3 Accessing the Entire Match Data
    • 34.6.4 Saving and Restoring the Match Data
  • 34.7 Searching and Case
  • 34.8 Standard Regular Expressions Used in Editing
• 35 Syntax Tables
  • 35.1 Syntax Table Concepts
  • 35.2 Syntax Descriptors
    • 35.2.1 Table of Syntax Classes
    • 35.2.2 Syntax Flags
  • 35.3 Syntax Table Functions
  • 35.4 Syntax Properties
  • 35.5 Motion and Syntax
  • 35.6 Parsing Balanced Expressions
  • 35.7 Some Standard Syntax Tables
  • 35.8 Syntax Table Internals
  • 35.9 Categories
• 36 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
  • 36.1 Setting Up Abbrev Mode
  • 36.2 Abbrev Tables
  • 36.3 Defining Abbrevs
  • 36.4 Saving Abbrevs in Files
  • 36.5 Looking Up and Expanding Abbreviations
  • 36.6 Standard Abbrev Tables
• 37 Processes
  • 37.1 Functions that Create Subprocesses
  • 37.2 Shell Arguments
  • 37.3 Creating a Synchronous Process
  • 37.4 Creating an Asynchronous Process
  • 37.5 Deleting Processes
  • 37.6 Process Information
  • 37.7 Sending Input to Processes
  • 37.8 Sending Signals to Processes
  • 37.9 Receiving Output from Processes
    • 37.9.1 Process Buffers
    • 37.9.2 Process Filter Functions
    • 37.9.3 Accepting Output from Processes
  • 37.10 Sentinels: Detecting Process Status Changes
  • 37.11 Transaction Queues
  • 37.12 Network Connections
• 38 Operating System Interface
  • 38.1 Starting Up Emacs
    • 38.1.1 Summary: Sequence of Actions at Start Up
    • 38.1.2 The Init File: `.emacs'
    • 38.1.3 Terminal-Specific Initialization
    • 38.1.4 Command Line Arguments
  • 38.2 Getting Out of Emacs
    • 38.2.1 Killing Emacs
    • 38.2.2 Suspending Emacs
  • 38.3 Operating System Environment
  • 38.4 User Identification
  • 38.5 Time of Day
  • 38.6 Time Conversion
  • 38.7 Timers for Delayed Execution
  • 38.8 Terminal Input
    • 38.8.1 Input Modes
    • 38.8.2 Translating Input Events
    • 38.8.3 Recording Input
  • 38.9 Terminal Output
  • 38.10 System-Specific X11 Keysyms
  • 38.11 Flow Control
  • 38.12 Batch Mode
• 39 Emacs Display
  • 39.1 Refreshing the Screen
  • 39.2 Truncation
  • 39.3 The Echo Area
  • 39.4 Invisible Text
  • 39.5 Selective Display
  • 39.6 The Overlay Arrow
  • 39.7 Temporary Displays
  • 39.8 Overlays
    • 39.8.1 Overlay Properties
    • 39.8.2 Managing Overlays
  • 39.9 Width
  • 39.10 Faces
    • 39.10.1 Standard Faces
    • 39.10.2 Defining Faces
    • 39.10.3 Merging Faces for Display
    • 39.10.4 Functions for Working with Faces
  • 39.11 Blinking Parentheses
  • 39.12 Inverse Video
  • 39.13 Usual Display Conventions
  • 39.14 Display Tables
    • 39.14.1 Display Table Format
    • 39.14.2 Active Display Table
    • 39.14.3 Glyphs
  • 39.15 Beeping
  • 39.16 Window Systems
• 40 Customizing the Calendar and Diary
  • 40.1 Customizing the Calendar
  • 40.2 Customizing the Holidays
  • 40.3 Date Display Format
  • 40.4 Time Display Format
  • 40.5 Daylight Savings Time
  • 40.6 Customizing the Diary
  • 40.7 Hebrew- and Islamic-Date Diary Entries
  • 40.8 Fancy Diary Display
  • 40.9 Sexp Entries and the Fancy Diary Display
  • 40.10 Customizing Appointment Reminders
• A Tips and Conventions
  • 40.11 Emacs Lisp Coding Conventions
  • 40.12 Tips for Making Compiled Code Fast
  • 40.13 Tips for Documentation Strings
  • 40.14 Tips on Writing Comments
  • 40.15 Conventional Headers for Emacs Libraries
• B GNU Emacs Internals
  • B.1 Building Emacs
  • B.2 Pure Storage
  • B.3 Garbage Collection
  • 40.16 Memory Usage
  • B.4 Writing Emacs Primitives
  • B.5 Object Internals
    • B.5.1 Buffer Internals
    • B.5.2 Window Internals
    • B.5.3 Process Internals
• C Standard Errors
• D Buffer-Local Variables
• E Standard Keymaps
• F Standard Hooks
• Index
• New Symbols Since the Previous Edition

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